Technological

Technological and related market developments Two of the conference sessions were devoted to components and systems. Almost 30 technology posters had been prepared, underlining the amount of research effort aimed at advancing the technology.
Technology topic areas included:
• CO 2 heat pumps and compressors; • heat pump system control; •advanced plate-type heat exchangers; •residential gas engine and absorption heat pumps; • ice thermal storage multi-split air conditioners; • ground-coupled heat pumps; •cycles; • thermal-physical properties; • frost formation, coil defrost and defrost control; •variable speed and variable discharge volume compressors; • chemical and liquid desiccant heat pumps; • solar-assisted heat pumps; • etc.

The 7th

The 7th International Energy Agency Heat Pump Conference, held at Beijing International Convention Center, Beijing, China, from May 19 to 22, 2002, was a great success. There were more than 330 formal participants from 19 countries, of which 129 from abroad and more than 200 from China. The conference included 8 sessions, 2 technical excursions and 4 social programmes. This was the first time that the IEA Heat Pump Conference was held in a developing country. The conference offered a good opportunity for people in China to learn about heat pump technology and application experience in the world, and made it easy for international friends to appreciate China and Beijing. Many Chinese officials from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Development and Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Construction were invited to attend the conference. Executives from the electric power industry, the manufacturing industry and organizations charged with the application of heat pump technology, i.e. the Architectural Society of China (ASC), the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR) and the China Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association (CRAA), also participated in the conference. The Chinese government and people have gradually realised the great challenges that go hand in hand with economic development and social progress. Therefore, a strategy of sustainable development has been put forward to improve the utilization ratio of resources, to adjust the energy infrastructure, to expand the use of electric power and to promote constructionrelated energy conservation

Encouraging the Purchase

Encouraging the Purchase of Energy Efficient Heat Pumps The energy right® Heat Pump Plan is designed to encourage the installation of electric heat pumps meeting program standards and requirements at residential dwellings and small commercial businesses. Under the plan, distributors of TVA power may be eligible to receive an MVP for installation of a heat pump meeting TVA’s installation standard

Pressure Testing

Pressure Testing and Start-Up ⇒ The earth coil shall be pressure tested before connecting it to the heat pump and prior to complete backfilling. The piping shall be filled with water and/or air and pressure tested to 80-100 psi for at least 30 minutes. A visual inspection shall be made for leaks. Vertical U-bend assemblies shall be pressure-tested before insertion into the borehole. ⇒ When pressure testing is complete and a leak-free system is ensured, the system shall be thoroughly purged to remove air and debris. The preferred purging method is to use a flush cart consisting of a 1-1/2 to 2 HP water pump, tank, filter, flow meter, and flexible hose with connections. A minimum fluid velocity of 2 feet per second is required to purge the system of trapped air. The system circulating pump(s) cannot provide enough flow to remove pockets of trapped air out of the system.  ⇒ After the system has been filled and purged, it shall be pressurized as recommended by the heat pump manufacturer. Suggested pressures are 60 psi if installed during the heating season and 40 psi if installed during the cooling season.
Variable Speed Heat Pumps (VSHP). This section pertains to the installation of variable speed (compressor and fans) heat pump systems. All other sections of these standards are applicable unless otherwise noted. 1. The variable speed heat pump at high speed shall meet the required sensible and latent load of the structure as stated in the Equipment Requirements section. However, when the high speed sensible capacity exceeds the sensible load by 125 percent, the unit having a high speed sensible capacity closest to the sensible load shall be installed

Free-Delivery Split Heat Pump

Free-Delivery Split Heat Pump, Packaged Terminal Heat Pump, Self-Contained Through-theWall Heat Pump, Window Heat Pump System Inspection Procedures
Inspector shall verify the free-delivery split heat pump, packaged terminal heat pump, self-contained through-the-wall heat pump, and window heat pump adhere to installation standards. (See Installation Standards for certain sections that do not apply.) In addition, inspector shall verify the following: • Air flow is as recommended by the manufacturer. • Integral auxiliary electric heat is provided by the manufacturer within the unit cabinet or fan coil section as part of the heat pump. • Integral auxiliary heaters are controlled by the heat pump indoor thermostat. • Installing QCN member has met manufacturer's instructions for the complete installation of the system, including any recommended parts and accessories and any necessary wall/window case. • The joint around the unit case (between the case and wall or window) to ensure weathertight seal with caulk, seals, or gaskets, as provided by the manufacturer. • Cabinets are checked for proper alignment and any unnecessary holes. Holes allowed are for the manufacturer's approved internal condensate drain system (condensate drain lines shall be sized in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and all instances at least as large as the heat pump's drain connection).

Attic Insulation

Attic Insulation - Measuring The Depth Of Insulation - Checklist • Measure the depth of insulation in each section using a nonmetallic ruler. Record the depth of each section. • If batt or blanket insulation with a vapor barrier was used, ensure that the vapor barrier is turned toward the attic floor if there was no existing insulation or removed if there was existing insulation. • Verify that batt or blanket insulation fits tightly against the sides of joists and against the ends of each batt or blanket. • Ensure that insulation does not contact chimneys, flues, or other energy-dissipating objects and that such insulations are properly blocked. • Ensure that cavities or voids which drop to a lower level have been insulated properly. • Verify that there is at least 1 inch of air space between the insulation and roof sheathing. • Ensure that permanent stairway ceilings and walls have been insulated properly. • Verify that the insulation installed does not cover or block any attic ventilation. (Check the eave vents without light in the attic--light can be seen coming through the eave vents from the outside.) • Ensure that the attic access door is insulated and weatherstripped if it is located in a conditioned area. NOTE any deficiencies detected during the inspection on the Heat Pump Installation Inspection Checklist TVA 6254T. • Ensure that the QCN member has removed any unused materials and debris from the premises. NOTE: All attics insulated with loose-fill insulation should be measured in at least three different points in the attic (preferably in the middle and at both ends) in order to verify that the insulation has been installed with a consistent depth throughout the attic area and at the minimum depth specified on the coverage chart.
Attic Insulation - Floored Attics - Checklist Inspect insulation installed in floored attics using the same procedures outlined for inspecting attic insulation in unfinished attics, with the following exceptions: • If insulation has been installed beneath the flooring material, verify that each joist cavity has been completely filled with insulation by looking through the cracks between the boards or under the area where the flooring material ends. Do not remove any flooring material secured to ceiling joists to inspect the installation. • If insulation has been installed above the flooring material, ensure that the proper R-value has been installed by checking the density (number of bags installed) and the minimum thickness of the installed material

Outdoor temperature (ODT)

Outdoor temperature (ODT) is below 75°F, check the following:
i) Perform compressor heating capacity check
ii) If an outdoor thermostat is utilized, check to assure that the setting is at the structure balance point and: If ODT is above the setting of the outdoor thermostat: First stage of indoor thermostat - heat pump only operates. Second stage of indoor thermostat - furnace only operates until second stage is satisfied (this could occur upon heat pump compressor failure) If ODT is below the setting of the outdoor thermostat: First stage of indoor thermostat - furnace only operates (no second stage)
iii) If an outdoor thermostat is not utilized: First stage of indoor thermostat - heat pump only operates. Second stage of indoor thermostat - furnace only operates until second stage is satisfied.

METHOD 1

METHOD 1: Us this method if the existing outdoor unit is not equipped with shut−off valves, or if the unit is not operational and you plan to use the existing HCFC−22 to flush the system. Remove all HCFC−22 refrigerant from the existing system. Check gauges after shutdown to confirm that the entire system is completely void of refrigerant. METHOD 2: Use this method if the existing outdoor unit is equipped with manual shut−off valves, and you plan to use new HCFC−22 refrigerant to flush the system. The following devices could prevent full system charge recovery into the outdoor unit: Outdoor unit’s high or low−pressure switches (if applicable) when tripped can cycle the compressor OFF. Compressor can stop pumping due to tripped internal pressure relief valve. Compressor has internal vacuum protection that is designed to unload the scrolls (compressor stops pumping) when the pressure ratio meets a certain value or when the suction pressure is as high as 20 psig. (Compressor suction pressures should never be allowed to go into a vacuum. Prolonged operation at low suction pressures will result in overheating of the scrolls and permanent damage to the scroll tips, drive bearings and internal seals.) Once the compressor can not pump down to a lower pressure due to one of the above system conditions, shut off the vapor valve. Turn OFF the main power to unit and use a recovery machine to recover any refrigerant left in the indoor coil and line set. Perform the following task: A Start the existing HCFC−22 system in the cooling mode and close the liquid line valve. B Use the compressor to pump as much of the existing HCFC−22 refrigerant into the outdoor unit until the outdoor system is full (high pressure switch will trip and shut the compressor off). Turn the outdoor unit main power OFF and use a recovery machine to remove the remaining refrigerant from the system. NOTE It may be necessary to bypass the low pressure switch (if equipped) to ensure complete refrigerant evacuation. C When the low side system pressures reach 0 psig, close the vapor line valve. D Check gauges after shutdown to confirm that the valves are not allowing refrigerant to flow back into the low side of the system.

Defrost cycle (timed)

Defrost cycle (timed) The ice which is produced on the outdoor coil during the heating cycle must be eliminated when it begins to block the coil. The defrost cycle begins after a period selected between 30, 60 & 90 minutes from the start-up or the last defrosting, and when the evaporation temperature drops to -5°C or less. The logic module activates the defrost relay, which: - Activates the 4-way valve to go into the cooling cycle. - Switches off the outdoor fan. The defrost cycle finishes when the liquid temperature is sufficiently high, measured by a thermistor 13°C, or when, if it does not heat up, it reaches a minimum of 7°C for a 5 minute period; also after 12 minutes from its beginning. When the defrost cycle finishes, the logic module disconnects the defrost relay, reestablishing normal operating conditions of the heating cycle. If the unit tries to go into another defrost cycle in less than 5 minutes, the logic module switches it off, leaving the system